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这不仅仅是一场穆斯林战争。“反公民法”内部的抗议活动动摇了印度



  对印度新总统的激烈抗议公民法上周末,当警察用棍子打他的时候,四名女性试图在她们的男同学周围形成一个人肉盾牌,震撼了这个国家的首都。沙欣阿不都拉的脸是血淋淋的,因为他对他的朋友喊“进去”。妇女们和警察们闭上了眼睛,用手指指着她们,敦促她们“走开”,让阿不都拉一个人呆着。

a group of people walking in front of a crowd: Students of Jamia Millia Islamia University stage a protest against the government's Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB) in New Delhi on Dec. 13, 2019.

  STR/AFP通过Getty图像Jamia Millia Islamia大学的学生们于2019年12月13日在新德里举行了一场抗议政府公民身份修正案(CAB)的抗议活动。

  当一段视频在社交媒体上疯传时,阿不都拉和他的朋友们很快变成了国家抵抗标志...但他坚持说,“那天晚上有很多英雄出来了”--互相拯救,庇护朋友。“我们是唯一被摄像机捕捉到的人,”他告诉“时代”杂志。

  民主国家就是这样对待学生的吗?没有异议和零容忍的空间是我们前进的方向.#JamiaMiliapic.twitter.com/xicho6PRMn

  -卡尼诺志(கனிமொழி)(@KamiozhiDMK)(一九二零九年十二月十六日)

  这段病毒视频突出了警察的残暴行为,进一步推动了抗议浪潮在印度蔓延。上周末,针对一项备受争议的新法律,德里爆发了抗议活动。批评人士称,这项法律可能会将印度穆斯林变成二等公民。成千上万的人在大学里城市自2014年总理纳伦德拉·莫迪(Narendra Modi)和印度人民党(BJP)首次上台以来,示威活动在全国范围内最为广泛。至少有四人死亡,更多人受伤。

Slide 1 of 50: A protester holds a placard which reads Hindustan is bleeding (India Is Bleeding) during a protest against the citizenship amendment act (CAA) in New Delhi India on 19 December 2019 (Photo by )

Slide 2 of 50: Broadcast vans of television channels go up in flames during protests against India's new citizenship law in Lucknow, India, Thursday, Dec. 19, 2019. Police detained several hundred protesters in some of India's biggest cities Thursday as they defied bans on assembly that authorities imposed to stop widespread demonstrations against a new citizenship law that opponents say threatens the country's secular democracy. ()

Slide 3 of 50: A young protestor tries to resist as police officers detain him during a march near the historic Red Fort in New Delhi, India, Thursday, Dec. 19, 2019. Police detained several hundred protestors in some of India's biggest cities Thursday as they defied a ban on assembly that authorities imposed to stem widespread demonstrations against a new citizenship law that opponents say threatens India's secular democracy. Dozens of demonstrations were to take place around country as opposition grows to a new citizenship law that excludes Muslims. The law has sparked anger at what many see as the government's push to bring India closer to a Hindu state. ()

Slide 4 of 50: NEW DELHI, INDIA - DECEMBER 19: Participants with placards and posters reach Jantar Mantar during a protest against Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and National Register of Citizens (NRC) from Mandi House on December 19, 2019 in New Delhi, India. The act seeks to grant Indian citizenship to refugees from Hindu, Christian, Sikh, Buddhist and Parsi communities fleeing religious persecution from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh, and who entered India on or before December 31, 2014. The Parliament had passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019 last week and it became an act after receiving assent from President Ram Nath Kovind. Since then, protests including some violent ones have erupted in various regions of the country, including the North East over the amended citizenship law. (Photo by )

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Slide 5 of 50: PATNA, INDIA - DECEMBER 19:  Jan Adhikar Party Chief Pappu Yadav with supporters protests against the Citizenship Amendment Act, National Register for Citizens and rise in the incidents of crime against women in the state during Bihar bandh, in Patna, India, December 19, 2019. (Photo by )

Slide 6 of 50: NEW DELHI, INDIA - DECEMBER 19: Demonstrators protest with posters and banners against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and National Register of Citizens (NRC) at Jantar Mantar on December 19, 2019 in New Delhi, India. The act seeks to grant Indian citizenship to refugees from Hindu, Christian, Sikh, Buddhist and Parsi communities fleeing religious persecution from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh, and who entered India on or before December 31, 2014. The Parliament had passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019 last week and it became an act after receiving assent from President Ram Nath Kovind. Since then, protests including some violent ones have erupted in various regions of the country, including the North East over the amended citizenship law.(Photo by

Slide 7 of 50: NEW DELHI, INDIA - DECEMBER 19: Demonstrators protest with posters and banners against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and National Register of Citizens (NRC) at Jantar Mantar on December 19, 2019 in New Delhi, India. The act seeks to grant Indian citizenship to refugees from Hindu, Christian, Sikh, Buddhist and Parsi communities fleeing religious persecution from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh, and who entered India on or before December 31, 2014. The Parliament had passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019 last week and it became an act after receiving assent from President Ram Nath Kovind. Since then, protests including some violent ones have erupted in various regions of the country, including the North East over the amended citizenship law.(Photo by

Slide 8 of 50: PATNA, INDIA - DECEMBER 19:  Vikassheel Insaan Party (VIP) supporters block a railway track during a protest against the Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019, in the state during 'Bihar Bandh', in Patna, India, December 19, 2019. (Photo by

Slide 9 of 50: PATNA, INDIA - DECEMBER 19: Protestors march during the Bihar Bandh against Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and National Register of Citizens (NRC) called by different political parties   on December 19, 2019 in Patna, India.  (Photo by

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Slide 10 of 50: A protester shouts slogans during a demonstration against India's new citizenship law in Mumbai on December 19, 2019.

Slide 11 of 50: Demonstrators carrying banners and placards attend a protest march against the National Register of Citizens (NRC) and a new citizenship law, in Kolkata, India, December 19, 2019.

Slide 12 of 50: People take part in the protests against the Citizenship  Amendment Act on the stairs of Jama Masjid in New Delhi on 19 December 2019.

Slide 13 of 50: A protestor shouts slogans after being detained by police in Hyderabad, India, Thursday, Dec. 19, 2019.

Slide 14 of 50: A Muslim man walks past Rapid Action Force personnel during a protest against a new citizenship law, in Delhi, India December 19, 2019.

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Slide 15 of 50: Section 144 of Indian Penal Code has been imposed across Delhi and other cities amid the protest against controversial citizenship amendment bill continue across the country, more than hundred people have been detained in Delhi, India on December 19, 2019.

Slide 16 of 50: Protestors shout slogans as they walk past a lane near the historic Red Fort in New Delhi, India, Thursday, Dec. 19, 2019.

Slide 17 of 50: Indian police use barricades to stop protestors during protests against India's new citizenship law in Lucknow, India, Thursday, Dec. 19, 2019.

Slide 18 of 50: People shout slogans during a demonstration against Indias new citizenship law in New Delhi, India on December 19, 2019.

Slide 19 of 50: Indian policemen look at burned motorcycles after a police station was vandalized during protests against India's new citizenship law in Lucknow, India, Thursday, Dec. 19, 2019.

Slide 20 of 50: A woman reacts as she confronts police at a demonstration against Indias new citizenship law in New Delhi on December 19, 2019. - Big rallies are expected across India on December 19 as the tumultuous and angry reaction builds against a citizenship law seen as discriminatory against Muslims. (Photo by Sajjad HUSSAIN / AFP) (Photo by SAJJAD HUSSAIN/AFP via Getty Images)

Slide 21 of 50: Police gather near the historic Red Fort at a demonstration against Indias new citizenship law in New Delhi on December 19, 2019. - Big rallies are expected across India on December 19 as the tumultuous and angry reaction builds against a citizenship law seen as discriminatory against Muslims. (Photo by Sajjad HUSSAIN / AFP) (Photo by SAJJAD HUSSAIN/AFP via Getty Images)

Slide 22 of 50: Protesters shout slogans at a demonstration against Indias new citizenship law in New Delhi on December 19, 2019. - Big rallies are expected across India on December 19 as the tumultuous and angry reaction builds against a citizenship law seen as discriminatory against Muslims. (Photo by Sajjad HUSSAIN / AFP) (Photo by SAJJAD HUSSAIN/AFP via Getty Images)

Slide 23 of 50: A demonstrator is detained during a protest against a new citizenship law, in Delhi, India, December 19,

Slide 24 of 50: Demonstrators protest against a new citizenship law, in Delhi, India, December 19, 2019. REUTERS/Danish Siddiqui

Slide 25 of 50: Local residents sit next to bonfires as they block a road during a protest against a new citizenship law, in New Delhi, India, December 18, 2019. REUTERS/Adnan Abidi

Slide 26 of 50: Policemen detain an activist of Congress party's youth wing during a protest against a new citizenship law at Gandhi Ashram in Ahmadabad, India, Wednesday, Dec. 18, 2019. India's Supreme Court on Wednesday postponed hearing pleas challenging the constitutionality of the new citizenship law that has sparked opposition and massive protests across the country.

Slide 27 of 50: A students holds a photograph of Bhima Rao Ambedkar as Indian students of the Jamia Millia Islamia University march during a protest, in New Delhi, India, Wednesday, Dec. 18, 2019. India’s Supreme Court on Wednesday postponed hearing pleas challenging the constitutionality of the new citizenship law that has sparked opposition and massive protests across the country.

Slide 28 of 50: Indian students from the right-wing student organisation Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP), affiliated with the Hindu nationalist group Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), take part in a rally in support of India' new citizenship law in Ahmedabad on December 18, 2019. - Indian authorities banned large gatherings in parts of the capital on December 18 as they stepped up efforts to contain a week of nationwide protests against a citizenship law seen as discriminating against Muslims.

Slide 29 of 50: Indians gather during protest against the Citizenship Act in Gauhati, India, Wednesday, Dec. 18, 2019. India’s Supreme Court on Wednesday postponed hearing pleas challenging the constitutionality of the new citizenship law that has sparked opposition and massive protests across the country.

Slide 30 of 50: Rapid Action Force (RAF) personnel bearing bations, lathis and tear gas guns, conduct a flag march to maintain peace after yesterday's protests at Seelampur on December 18, 2019 in New Delhi, India.

Slide 31 of 50: Congress party president Sonia Gandhi, center, with other political party leaders come out after meeting Indian President Ram Nath Kovind on the new citizenship law, in New Delhi, India, Tuesday, Dec. 17, 2019. Indian student protests that turned into violent clashes with police galvanized opposition nationwide on Tuesday to a new law that provides a path to citizenship for non-Muslim migrants who entered the country illegally from several neighboring countries.

Slide 32 of 50: Mandatory Credit: Photo by (10507897h) Protesters clash with security forces during a protest against Citizen Amendment Act (CAA) in New Delhi, India, 17 December 2019. According to news reports, few vehicles were set ablaze by the protesters. The CAA will give Indian citizenship rights to refugees from Hindu, Jain, Buddhist, Sikhs, Parsi or Christian communities coming from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Unrest following protests against CAA in New Delhi, India - 17 Dec 2019

Slide 33 of 50: A woman shouts slogans from inside a bus after being detained during a protest against the Citizenship Amendment Act in Gauhati, India, Tuesday, Dec. 17, 2019. Indian student protests that turned into violent clashes with police galvanized opposition nationwide on Tuesday to a new law that provides a path to citizenship for non-Muslim migrants who entered the country illegally from several neighboring countries. (

Slide 34 of 50: GUWAHATI, INDIA - DECEMBER 17, 2019 - All Guwahati Cab Drivers' Union taking out a protest rallay against Suspension of mobile Internet services due to protests over the Citizenship (Amendment) Act , 2019 - PHOTOGRAPH BY Anuwar Ali Hazarika / Barcroft Media (Photo credit should read )

Slide 35 of 50: NEW DELHI, INDIA - DECEMBER 17:  A student of Jamia Milia University who was injured in Sunday's police action seen crying during a press conference, at Press Club of India on December 17, 2019 in New Delhi, India.  Injured students as well as activists have alleged that

Slide 36 of 50: Chief minister of West Bengal state and leader of the Trinamool Congress (TMC) Mamata Banerjee (front C dressed in white) along with party supporters walks in a mass rally to protest against the Indian government's Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) in Kolkata on December 17, 2019. - Fresh protests against India's new citizenship law erupted on December 17 as alleged police brutality fuelled fury against the legislation which critics say is anti-Muslim. (Photo by Dibyangshu SARKAR / AFP) (Photo by )

Slide 37 of 50: GUWAHATI, INDIA - DECEMBER 17, 2019 - Members of Indian Medical Association Assam State Branch take part a protest rally protest demanding withdrawal of the Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 (CAA) - PHOTOGRAPH BY Anuwar Ali Hazarika / Barcroft Media (Photo credit should read )

Slide 38 of 50: Mandatory Credit: Photo by (10507227c) Senior citizens along with actvists of the All Assam Students' Union (AASU) and other organizations shout during a peaceful procession to demanding withdrawal of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) 2019, in Guwahati, India, 17 December 2019. The CAA will give Indian citizenship rights to refugees from Hindu, Jain, Buddhist, Sikhs, Parsi or Christian communities coming from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Protest against Citizenship Amendment Act 2019, in Guwahati, India - 17 Dec 2019

Slide 39 of 50: Mandatory Credit: Photo by(10507897v) Indian policemen patrol during a protest against Citizen Amendment Act (CAA) in New Delhi, India, 17 December 2019. According to news reports, few vehicles were set ablaze by the protesters. The CAA will give Indian citizenship rights to refugees from Hindu, Jain, Buddhist, Sikhs, Parsi or Christian communities coming from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Unrest following protests against CAA in New Delhi, India - 17 Dec 2019

Slide 40 of 50: Mandatory Credit: Photo by (10507897r) Protesters stand amid smoke of tear gas and burning vehicle during a protest against Citizen Amendment Act (CAA) in New Delhi, India, 17 December 2019. According to news reports, few vehicles were set ablaze by the protesters. The CAA will give Indian citizenship rights to refugees from Hindu, Jain, Buddhist, Sikhs, Parsi or Christian communities coming from Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Unrest following protests against CAA in New Delhi, India - 17 Dec 2019

Slide 41 of 50: MUMBAI, INDIA - DECEMBER 16: Students from Tata Institute of Social Sciences protest against CAA in solidarity with the students of Jamia Millia Islamia and Aligarh Muslim University at Ambedkar garden, Chembur, on December 16, 2019 in Mumbai, India. (Photo by

Slide 42 of 50: Students and activists hold placards and shout slogans during a protest against the Indian government's Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB) in  in Bangalore on December 16, 2019. - Fresh protests rocked India on December 16 as anger grew over new citizenship legislation slammed as anti-Muslim, after six people died in the northeast and up to 200 were injured in New Delhi. (Photo by Manjunath Kiran / AFP) (Photo by

Slide 43 of 50: NEW DELHI, INDIA - DECEMBER 16: A bus that was set on filre by protesters at Mathura road, near New Friends Colony market, on December 16, 2019 in New Delhi, India. Delhi Police on Sunday evening entered the Jamia campus after protests against Citizenship Amendment Act turned violent. (Photo by

Slide 44 of 50: Demonstrators burn an effigy depicting Prime Minister Narendra Modi during a protest against a new citizenship law, outside Jamia Millia Islamia university in New Delhi, India, December 16, 2019.

Slide 45 of 50: Congress party leader Priyanka Gandhi, center, leaves after a sit in protest against a new citizenship law near the India Gate monument in New Delhi, India, Monday, Dec.16, 2019. The new law gives citizenship to non-Muslims who entered India illegally to flee religious persecution in several neighboring countries.

Slide 46 of 50: Demonstrators shout slogans during a protest against a new citizenship law, outside Jamia Millia Islamia university in New Delhi, India, December 16, 2019.

Slide 47 of 50: Students of Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, an Islamic university, are stopped by police during a protest against a new citizenship law, in Lucknow, India, December 16, 2019.

Slide 48 of 50: Police detain demonstrators during a protest to show solidarity with the students of New Delhi's Jamia Millia Islamia university after police entered the university campus on the previous day, following a protest against a new citizenship law, in Ahmedabad, India, December 16, 2019.

Slide 49 of 50: Mamata Banerjee, the Chief Minister of West Bengal, and her party supporters attend a protest march against the National Register of Citizens (NRC) and a new citizenship law, in Kolkata, India, December 16, 2019.

Slide 50 of 50: Demonstrators during a protest against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), near Jamia Millia Islamia on December 15, 2019 in New Delhi, India.

  第50页:一位抗议者拿着一张标语牌,上面写着印度斯坦在流血(印度正在流血),这是2019年12月19日在印度新德里举行的抗议公民身份修正案(CAA)的抗议活动(图片由)

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  1/50幻灯片纳斯尔·卡克鲁/努尔托/盖蒂图片社

  在“公民身份修正法案”通过后,抗议活动在印度各地蔓延,该法案为一些邻国的宗教少数群体提供了一条获得公民身份的途径,但将穆斯林排除在外。

  (图)12月19日,一名抗议者在新德里举行抗议印度新公民法的抗议活动时举着一张标语牌。

  图片服务幻灯片

  学生全国至少有50所学院和大学自从莫迪政府于12月12日通过“公民身份修正案”以来,他们已经走上街头抗议。该法为三个邻国的人获得印度公民身份铺平了道路--只要他们不是穆斯林。活动人士说,这只是人民党在更广泛的议程上的最新举措。“印度教民族,“政府最近取消穆斯林占多数的克什米尔邦的特殊地位并计划建造一座印度教寺庙1992年在一座被印度教民族主义暴徒摧毁的清真寺所在地。

  批评人士还说,该法律是对印度世俗宪法的冒犯,宪法保障不同宗教受到政府的平等对待。“印度自由斗争和宪法的灵魂是,无论信仰如何,人们都要有平等的公民身份,”激进分子、前公务员哈什·曼德(HarthMander)说。“这就是他们要摧毁的东西。”

  在周二的大规模抗议活动中,印度人口最多的北方邦(UttarPradesh)的6个地区被下令禁止公众集会。周三,由于抗议浪潮没有减弱的迹象,印度最高法院表示不会干预阻止法案生效。

  大赦印度的Nazia Erum说:“到目前为止,政府似乎还没有计划放弃。”“我们没有看到任何人退让的迹象。这就是为什么抗议人数不断增加的原因。我们每天都看到一所新的大学或一群新的人参加抗议活动。“

  与此同时,反对该法案的大规模抗议游行已进入第二周。东北部阿萨姆邦由于担心这可能导致来自邻国孟加拉国的移民潮。据报道,至少有4人在那里被警察打死,另有数百人受伤。

a group of people standing in front of a crowd: Protests against the controversial Citizenship Amendment Act turned violent when Delhi Police shot tear gas and beat students at Jamia Millia Islamia University in Delhi, India on Dec. 13, 2019. Javed Sultan—Anadolu Agency via Getty Images

  c贾韦德苏丹-阿纳多卢机构通过盖蒂图片社当德里警方于2019年12月13日在印度德里的Jamia Millia Islamia大学发射催泪瓦斯和殴打学生时,针对有争议的“公民身份修正法”的抗议变成了暴力。贾韦德·苏丹-阿纳多卢机构通过盖蒂图片社

什么是“公民身份修正法”?

  莫迪的执政党印度人民党(BJP)说,“公民身份修正法案”将使来自阿富汗、巴基斯坦和孟加拉国的“受迫害的少数民族”更容易获得印度公民身份。

  但它规定,一个人必须是印度教、锡克人、贾恩人、帕西人、基督徒或佛教徒才有资格获得快速公民身份。大赦印度在一份声明中说,该法案“使基于宗教的歧视合法化,明显违反了印度宪法和国际人权法…”[该法]虽然在其所述目标中具有包容性,但在其结构和意图上是排斥性的。

  此举引发了印度2亿穆斯林的焦虑情绪,因为它与印度人民党的另一项计划有关:列出印度所有合法公民的名单。莫迪的内政部长阿米特·沙阿(AmitShah)说,所谓的“国家公民登记册”将从印度铲除“渗透者”--许多穆斯林把这个词视为自己的狗哨。

a man riding on the back of a fire: A burning bus is seen after it was set on fire by demonstrators during a protest against the Citizenship amendment Act (CAA) at New Friends Colony in New Delhi, India on Dec. 15, 2019. Sanjeev Verma—Hindustan Times via Getty Images

  桑吉夫·韦尔玛-印度斯坦时报通过盖蒂图片社2010年12月15日,印度新德里新友人殖民地,示威者在抗议“公民身份修正法”(CAA)时纵火焚烧了一辆燃烧的公共汽车。Sanjeev Verma-印度时报通过Getty图片

(

  ANRC试运行今年早些时候在东北部阿萨姆邦完工。该邦的3300万居民被要求至少从1971年起就被要求证明自己是印度的居民。190万人被排除在名单之外在八月,当他们不能。许多世世代代居住在阿萨姆邦的人被排除在名单之外,例如官方文件上拼写错误的名字或者是因为他们被迫逃离家园,留下文件。)政府开始建造拘留营,关押那些在上诉中未能证明其公民身份的人。但对于惊愕当地的人民党政客们,当那些被排除在名单之外的人的统计数据出现的时候,结果是实质性比例是印度教徒不是穆斯林。

  沙阿多次说他想在印度其他地区推广NRC在不久的将来。许多抗议者和倡导团体担心,“公民身份修正法案”是莫迪的印度教民族主义政府的一种方式,以保证印度教徒加快印度公民身份的步伐,同时拒绝承认那些无法证明自己是印度人的穆斯林公民身份。在她的出版商发表的声明中印度最著名的作家之一阿伦达蒂·罗伊(Arundhati Roy)将“公民身份修正法”和“NRC”与纳粹1935年的纽伦堡法进行了比较,后者禁止犹太人获得德国公民身份。

  “这项法案绝对不能孤立地看待,”大赦印度的Erum说。“它将先于印度全国的核管制委员会这一事实必须加以考虑。该法案基本上将NRC用于对付穆斯林的武器化,他们只需要在外国法庭上为自己的案件进行斗争并进入拘留营。“

  新德里Jamia miillia Islamia大学学习文学的学生Farhat Ali Khan告诉“时代”杂志,他相信一个潜在的印度nrc项目,即人民党想要实施的项目,最终将是公然反穆斯林的。他认为没有证件的印度教很可能会被允许留下来,而穆斯林最终可能会被关进拘留营。“困扰贾米亚学生的是这些该死的营地,”汗说。“这一代人从未想过印度会出现在今天,这就是我们抗议的原因。”

  “当我谈到这件事时,我浑身发抖。”

广泛的抗议和警察的暴行

  12月12日,印度人民党主导的印度议会签署了“公民身份修正法案”,引发了全国各地高校和城市的抗议活动。

  这是在两所历史上属于穆斯林的大学,阿雷卡赫穆斯林大学和伊斯兰祈祷团,警方对这两所大学的反应是最暴力的--根据时间和网上发布的视频片段,他们发射催泪瓦斯并殴打学生。

  阿不都拉是伊斯兰祈祷团的一名学生,他在这段视频中遭到警方的殴打。拉迪达·法扎纳一位来自喀拉拉邦的穆斯林和他的同学,是在他周围形成人类盾牌的几个妇女之一。“我对安全没有任何恐惧,因为我只害怕我的上帝,”Farzana告诉“时代”杂志。Farzana说她在保护阿不都拉的时候被撞到了背上。还是很疼。她说:“我感觉到疼痛,但这很好。”

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  Sreekanth S(@srknahts_)于2019年12月15日上午10时24分共享的帖子

  德里警方坚称他们使用了“最大约束,最小力“在对Jamia的抗议作出反应时。

  但当地的学生穆罕默德·穆斯塔法(Mohammad Mustafa)在一段视频声明中表示,他当时正在图书馆学习,当时警察殴打他,直到他失去知觉。“我和抗议没有任何关系。“我只是来学习的,”他回忆说。穆斯塔法说,他的两只胳膊都骨折了,警察故意弄坏了他的笔记本电脑。

  穆斯塔法说,警方似乎专门针对穆斯林。警察问他:“莫迪和沙阿有什么问题?”在告诉他背诵kalima之前,他在视频声明中说,穆斯林的信仰自白有时会出现在死亡之珠上。在Aligarh大学的镇压行动中,据称警察高喊“宰树郎“-a印度教口号意思是“拉姆的胜利”-同时击败学生。人民党及其支持者经常使用这一短语。

  Jamia的另一名学生穆罕默德·明哈尤丁(Mohammad MinhaJuddin)说,他当时正在大学的中央图书馆学习,当时他被警察毒打得很厉害,一只眼睛被弄瞎了,另一只眼睛可能很快就看不见了。“可能是我完全失明了。谁负责?我做错了什么?“明哈尤丁说。“我想要正义”他把手放在脸上,试图保护自己;他的两个手指骨折了。

  一些妇女在抗议活动中也遭到袭击。saima anjum是Jamia的一名二年级法律系学生,她告诉“时代”周刊,她和其他许多学生在校园里被警察殴打。她回忆起在大学阅览室里躲避与其他学生的紧张抗议。她说,他们把门锁上,坐在桌子下面,然后身穿蓝色制服的警察冲破了门。“他们开始打我们所有人,”她说。“有五至六名警察殴打一名学生。他们也把我拖走了。“当另一个警察插话时,一个警察开始打她,说“别管它,别管它,她是个女孩,让她走吧。”她眼睁睁地看着她的一个朋友遭到残酷的殴打,然后他跑了出去,躲在清真寺里。

  “这是一件可怕的事情,发生了,”Anjum说,她的声音开始中断。“那是一次恐怖袭击。”她说她晚上睡不着觉,感觉“非常不安”。“这非常可怕,”她说。“这一点也不像警察试图控制局势那样。看起来他们是在报复什么的。我不知道。“

a group of people holding a sign posing for the camera: Jadavpur University students in Kolkata demonstrate against police brutality towards the students of Jamia Millia Islamia University in New Delhi, who were protesting against the approval of the Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAB) on Dec. 16, 2019. Indranil Aditya—NurPhoto via Getty Images

  Indranil Aditya通过Getty图片加尔各答的贾达夫普尔大学学生抗议警察对新德里伊斯兰祈祷团学生的暴行,他们抗议2019年12月16日批准“公民身份修正法案”(CAB)。Indranil Aditya-Getty图片

  一名律师在抗议活动后被拘留,他在一份声明中称,他似乎代表了一些Jamia学生。警方性侵犯学生在贾米亚,关灯以免被中央电视台发现。

  警察还冲进了学校的图书馆,向被困在里面的学生发射催泪瓦斯。学生们说,一些学生躲在女厕里,警察进来了,开始殴打人们,打碎了镜子。“学生们躺在洗手间里流血,”在场的一名学生告诉“时代”周刊。

  在全国各地的大学举行的抗议活动中,没有人死亡。但很多学生失踪...阿利加穆斯林大学的十几名学生在警方镇压抗议活动后仍下落不明,据报道有100多人受伤。在Jamia Millia Islamia大学,至少有35名学生被逮捕。

  曼德,这位活动家和前公务员,是周二前往阿利加穆斯林大学执行事实调查任务的十多名倡导者和记者之一。他告诉“时代”周刊,有几名学生受到了“可怕的伤害”。

  曼德回忆说,一名学生告诉他,他的手在一枚眩晕手榴弹受伤后被截肢。“这太让人心碎了,”曼德说。另一名19岁的男子说,他被带到警察局,赤身裸体地用皮带殴打。曼德说,他在身上展示了发现队形皮带的痕迹,但表示他没有投诉是因为他害怕,并补充说,26名男孩被警方正式拘留,并被拘留了24小时。曼德说,一些学生说他们在清真寺的窗帘后面藏了几个小时。

  在镇压结束后,学生们害怕在有后果的情况下登记投诉。曼德在与受伤学生所在医院的学生、学校官员和医生交谈后说,“学生们从他们的教职员工和警察那里得到了一个非常明确的信息,如果他们登记了投诉,他们将被开除出大学,他们会被起诉。”据他估计,大约有50名学生受伤,其中大约12人住院治疗,伤势严重。德里大学社会学教授Nandini Sundar在访问Aligarh穆斯林大学后说,至少有70名受轻伤的学生没有正式提出申诉,“因为他们害怕后来成为攻击目标”。

  非穆斯林也加入了抗议活动。Jamia的摄影师和学生SreekanthSivadasan指出,他不是穆斯林,但他的许多同学和朋友都是穆斯林。“他们试图疏远一个社区和另一个社区,”他说。“这不仅仅是一场穆斯林战争。如果我的穆斯林兄弟姐妹们在战斗,我不会让他们孤军奋战。“




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